xmr.irish / mining

MINING · RANDOMX · CPU-OPTIMIZED

Mine Monero on this device

Every 2 minutes, a new block. The reward is 0.6 XMR — forever. No halvings. No fee-market death spiral. Just permanent, democratized mining.

Network hashrate

—

GH/s · live

Difficulty

—

trillion · adjusts each block

Block reward

0.6

XMR · tail emission

Annual inflation

0.85%

declining yearly

Section 01 / Overview

Block reward · supply model · key stats

Block reward

0.6 XMR

TAIL EMISSION

Fixed forever. No halvings. Monero entered tail emission in May 2022 after ~18.4M XMR were mined. Unlike Bitcoin's diminishing rewards, every Monero block pays 0.6 XMR in perpetuity.

Supply model

18.45M+

INFINITE

Technically infinite, practically deflationary. Tail emission adds ~157,680 XMR/year (~0.85% inflation, declining annually). Lost coins likely exceed new issuance.

Mining algorithm

RandomX

CPU-OPTIMIZED

Memory-hard proof of work. Requires 2GB+ RAM per mining thread. AES-NI hardware acceleration. Designed specifically to resist ASIC domination.

Reward model · BTC halving vs XMR tail emission

10-year projection · block reward over time

Section 02 / Hardware

CPU is king — RandomX was designed for your processor

■ CPU

CPU mining

RandomX is memory-hard and optimized for general-purpose CPUs. Requires 2GB+ RAM per thread, AES-NI support. AMD Ryzen/EPYC and Intel i7/i9 perform best.

Optimal for Monero

▲ GPU

GPU mining

GPUs are structurally disadvantaged with RandomX. Random code execution maps poorly to shader cores. Fewer hashes per watt than CPU.

Not recommended since 2019

◆ RAM

RAM performance factor

Each thread needs 2GB+ of fast memory. RandomX constantly reads/writes a 2GB scratchpad. DDR4-3200+ with tight timings can boost hashrate 10-15%.

Key performance factor

Hardware	Hashrate	Type	Notes
Ryzen 9 7950X	~14,000 H/s	CPU	Best consumer CPU
i9-9900K	~4,800 H/s	CPU	Older gen, still solid
Ryzen 9 5900X	~11,200 H/s	CPU	Great value
Ryzen 5 5600X	~6,800 H/s	CPU	Budget pick
RTX 3080	~1,200 H/s	GPU	Poor per-watt
M1 MacBook Pro	~800 H/s	CPU (ARM)	No Huge Pages
Raspberry Pi 4	~80 H/s	ARM	Educational only

Hashrate benchmark · sorted descending

Green = CPU · Gold = GPU · Blue = ARM

Section 03 / Electricity

Cost to mine by US state · national avg: 18.05¢/kWh

ROI Calculator

Adjust hardware, electricity, and uptime to see your projected daily, monthly, and annual returns at the current XMR price.

Hashrate (h/s) 4,800 Electricity ($/kWh) $0.18 Power draw (W) 95 Uptime (hrs/day) 24

Daily XMR earned—

Daily revenue—

Daily electricity cost—

Daily net profit—

Monthly net profit—

Annual net profit—

Break-even XMR price—

Calculations use the live network hashrate, current block reward, and 120-second block target. Revenue tracks the live XMR/USD price.

Electricity cost by state · i9-9900K @ 95W

Green = profitable · Gold = marginal · Red = loss

11.02¢

+$2.41/mo

11.74¢

+$2.18/mo

12.44¢

+$1.96/mo

12.70¢

+$1.88/mo

12.89¢

+$1.82/mo

13.10¢

+$1.75/mo

13.45¢

+$1.64/mo

16.18¢

+$0.77/mo

16.33¢

+$0.72/mo

16.52¢

+$0.66/mo

22.65¢

-$1.31/mo

28.71¢

-$3.26/mo

31.51¢

-$4.16/mo

33.75¢

-$4.88/mo

39.89¢

-$6.85/mo

Profit estimates based on single i9-9900K (~4,800 H/s, 95W TDP). Green = profitable · Gold = marginal (within 20% of breakeven) · Red = electricity exceeds revenue. Data source: EIA.

Section 04 / Solo vs Pool

Pool mining wins for 99% of miners

Solo mining

You mine alone against the network. At 4,800 H/s vs ~5.97 GH/s network, expected time to find a block: ~804 days. High variance — you might wait years or get lucky in hours.

+ Full 0.6 XMR reward · No fees · Maximum privacy

- Extreme variance · May never find a block at low hashrate

Recommended for: Miners >100 KH/s with long-term patience

Pool mining

Contribute shares to a pool. Steady, predictable payouts proportional to your hashrate. Payments every few hours to days.

+ Predictable income · Low variance · Easy setup

- Pool fee (0-1%) · Trust pool operator

Recommended for: Home miners, beginners, anyone under 50 KH/s

365-day income variance · solo vs pool @ 4,800 H/s

Gold = solo (jagged, mostly zero) · Green = pool (smooth, predictable)

Section 05 / Pool comparison

6 pools · data from miningpoolstats.stream

Pool	Fee	Hashrate	Min payout	Method	Network share	Notes
P2Pool	0%	403 MH/s	0.0003 XMR	Local PPLNS	7.2%	Requires full node · privacy-maximizing
MoneroOcean	0%	~250 MH/s	0.003 XMR	PPLNS	4.5%	Algo-switch supported
SupportXMR	0.6%	~180 MH/s	0.1 XMR	PPLNS	3.2%	Strong reputation
HashVault	0.9%	~85 MH/s	0.5 XMR	PPLNS	1.5%	—
C3Pool	0%	~120 MH/s	0.003 XMR	PPLNS	2.1%	—
Nanopool	1%	323 MH/s	1 XMR	PPLNS	5.8%	High min payout

Section 06 / Setup guide

Start mining in 5 minutes · XMRig

1. Download XMRig

Visit xmrig.com and download the latest release for Windows. Extract the ZIP. Your antivirus will flag it — add an exception.

2. Edit config.json

Open config.json in Notepad. Set your pool and wallet:

"url": "pool.supportxmr.com:443"
"user": "YOUR_XMR_WALLET_ADDRESS.WORKER_NAME"
"pass": "x"
"tls": true

3. Enable Huge Pages

Run as Administrator. If Huge Pages fails:

Local Security Policy → Local Policies → User Rights Assignment
→ "Lock pages in memory" → Add your user → Reboot

4. Launch

xmrig.exe

Tip: Use --threads=N to limit CPU cores. Reduce voltage for lower temps.

1. Install via Homebrew

brew install xmrig

Or download from xmrig.com. Right-click → Open to bypass Gatekeeper.

2. Configure

nano ~/.xmrig.json

Set pool: url/user/tls fields

"url": "pool.supportxmr.com:443"
"user": "YOUR_XMR_WALLET.WORKER"
"tls": true

3. Run

xmrig

Apple Silicon gets ~600-900 H/s. macOS limits Huge Pages.

1. Build from source

sudo apt install git build-essential cmake libuv1-dev libssl-dev libhwloc-dev
git clone https://github.com/xmrig/xmrig.git
cd xmrig && mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. && make -j$(nproc)

2. Enable Huge Pages

sudo sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=1280
echo vm.nr_hugepages=1280 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

3. Run

sudo ./xmrig

Linux gives the best RandomX performance. Enable MSR for extra 5-15%.

Mobile mining — the honest truth

Mining XMR on a phone produces ~50-150 H/s — roughly 1/50th of a desktop. The electricity and device wear exceed the XMR value produced.

What you should do instead

Use your phone to monitor your mining operation via the pool dashboard. Or consider buying XMR directly via Wagyu, ChangeNOW, or Haveno.

Third-party mining apps carry security risks. We do not recommend any.

Section 07 / Mining concepts

Key terms every miner should know

Hashrate

Hashes per second your hardware can compute. Higher = more shares submitted. H/s (hashes), KH/s (kilohashes), MH/s (megahashes), GH/s (gigahashes).

Proof of work submitted to the pool. Shares prove you're working. The pool collects shares, finds blocks, distributes rewards proportionally.

PPLNS

Pay Per Last N Shares. Most common Monero pool payout method. Rewards recent consistent contributors. Protects against pool-hopping.

Huge Pages

Memory optimization that gives XMRig direct access to large memory pages. Improves RandomX performance 30-50%. Requires OS-level configuration.

Difficulty

Target number the block hash must be below. Adjusts every block to maintain ~2 minute block times as hashrate fluctuates.

Block Time

Average time between blocks: 2 minutes. Difficulty adjusts each block to maintain this target. Short-term variance is normal.

Section 08 / Legality

Mining is legal almost everywhere · restrictions affect trading, not mining

Ireland

Legal

No specific regulation. Mining is legal. Tax treatment as income at time of receipt.

USA

Legal (varies)

Legal federally. State regulations vary. Income/capital gains tax applies.

Generally legal

MiCA framework in force. Mining is legal. Proof-of-work carve-out maintained.

Canada

Legal

Mining recognized as a business activity. GST/HST may apply to operations.

Legal

HMRC treats mining rewards as income. No prohibition on activity.

Germany

Legal

Private mining permitted. Income taxable. BaFin has no mining-specific rules.

Australia

Legal

ATO treats mining as income. Commercial operations require an ABN.

Japan

Legal*

Mining legal. XMR delisted from licensed exchanges; holding/mining unaffected.

Brazil

Legal

No restrictions on mining. Crypto framework in effect for exchanges.

India

Gray zone

No explicit ban. 30% tax on crypto income. Regulation evolving.

Russia

Gray zone

Mining legalized 2024 for registered entities. Individual mining in flux.

China

Restricted

Mining largely banned since 2021. Individual holding may be tolerated.

Algeria

Banned

All crypto activity prohibited, including mining and holding.

* Mining legal; XMR delisted from Japanese exchanges. Privacy coin restrictions affect exchange trading, not mining or holding. This is not legal advice.

Statistics last verified: April 2026 · Some figures update automatically from live data

xmr.irish / mining · RandomX · CPU-optimized · ASIC-resistant